A new report has found that the global fashion industry is falling short of its climate commitments, with more than 40% of major brands increasing emissions instead of cutting them.

Published by environmental group Stand.earth on 3 June, the 2025 Fossil Free Fashion Scorecard analysed 42 top apparel and footwear brands. Only three brands – just 7% – were found to be on track with the 1.5°C Paris Agreement goal.

Swedish retailer H&M topped the rankings, earning a “B+” grade for its transparency, supplier support—particularly in Bangladesh—and climate advocacy. Eileen Fisher and Lululemon also received praise for progress in circularity and renewable energy targets, respectively.

In stark contrast, e-retailer Shein received an “F” grade, with emissions soaring over 170% in two years—approaching those of an entire country like Lebanon. Shein’s reliance on air freight for fast delivery was flagged as a major concern.

Other low-performing brands include Target, PVH, Boohoo, and Under Armour, which were criticised for lacking meaningful climate action or transparency.

Researchers are urging brands to publish climate plans, support supply chain decarbonisation, and advocate stronger climate policies. The report highlights that most of fashion’s emissions originate in supply chains based in fossil fuel-reliant countries like Bangladesh, India, and Vietnam.

Despite 95% of brands now offering resale or repair services, Stand.earth says these efforts fall short of addressing upstream emissions.

“The industry is still failing to take decisive action,” said Stand.earth executive director Todd Paglia.