Amazon, Flipkart, and leading smartphone companies, including Samsung, Xiaomi, and others, have been accused of violating India’s antitrust laws through exclusive product launches on e-commerce platforms, according to reports from the Competition Commission of India (CCI) obtained by Reuters.

The CCI’s investigations revealed that these companies colluded with Amazon and Flipkart to offer smartphones exclusively on their Indian websites, negatively impacting competition.

The CCI reports, which cover 2,723 pages, highlighted violations by the Indian units of Samsung, Xiaomi, Motorola, Realme, OnePlus, and others. These brands were involved in exclusive phone launches in collaboration with the e-commerce giants.

The investigation stems from a 2020 complaint by the Confederation of All India Traders, which represents 80 million members. The CCI found that both Amazon and Flipkart prioritized certain sellers and offered steep discounts and exclusive product listings, harming other sellers and brick-and-mortar stores.

The findings are a significant setback for Amazon and Flipkart, which have faced criticism from small Indian retailers for years. The CCI noted that the companies “deliberately downplayed” the allegations but found that the practices were widespread.

Counterpoint Research data shows that Samsung and Xiaomi hold a 36% market share in India, one of the world’s largest smartphone markets. The CCI’s findings could result in fines and require the companies to change their business practices, with potential penalties looming for the e-commerce platforms and smartphone companies involved.

While Xiaomi declined to comment, neither Amazon, Flipkart, nor the other smartphone companies have responded to the findings so far.